The Legacy Of Claudius Nero By Marcus Tullius Cicero

â€Å"Salus populi suprema lex esto. These words, first coined by Marcus Tullius Cicero, represent the height of the ideals in the system which we Roman senators live and embody. They translate to the Greek: â€Å"The safety of the people is the highest law† (Cicero c.50BC, 241), which is not soon forgotten, despite the banishment and subsequent death of Cicero. A titanic figure in his time, we can only imagine the outcry he would have given the trials and tribulations that have plagued us in recent times, and in particular during the long reign of Tiberius Claudius Nero Drusus Caesar, known simply to the people as Tiberius. It is worth noting at this point that I, (name here) have, during my long life served in my greatest capacity under the†¦show more content†¦He was a fine military commander, doing merit unto his adoptive father, Augustus, time and time again, slaughtering untold numbers of barbarians and bringing civilisation and Roman values to the Gauls and Germans. Tiberius’ military exploits are common knowledge among the Roman populace and have been recorded many times over, the Gallic tribes quake with fear at the mention of his name to this day. Tiberius was, however, as adept an administrator as he was a commander, and it was, in actuality, this value that led him to be so successful with his expeditions (Tacitus c.100AD, 119). As Tiberius aged, he appeared to become ever more morose, his dour and grim complexion characterising him and polarising the views held by his supporters and critics alike (Boak 1965, 301). This change in disposition can be largely attributed to his forced divorce from his beloved wife, Vispania, and subsequent marriage to Augustus’ daughter, Julia (Bradley 1990, 539). Contrary to many contemporary opinions, Julia was very nearly as intelligent and cunning as Tiberius himself, her one fault being perhaps her adulterous nature, and it was for this that Tiberius scorned her (Bradley 1990, 540). It was through marriage, and a most honourable marriage for myself, that I became connected with Tiberius on a more intimate level. My bride was none other than a cousin of Tiberius, of the Claudian gens, whose noble claim extends back â€Å"to Attus Clausus, the legendary founder† of that noble family

The Effects Of Single Mothers On The Welfare System Essay

Many researchers have been studying welfare to work, but not until recently has the focus resurfaced on the increase number of single mothers who left welfare for work and went back to the welfare system. According to the 2012 U.S. National Census Bureau,† Single mothers are heading more family households and living in poverty. Almost 31% of households headed by a single woman were living below the poverty line—nearly five times the 6.3% poverty rate for families headed by a married couple† ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). Without the necessary income, perceived support, childcare resource and training, the move is a downward mobility from welfare independence back into the welfare system. The most recent statistics which was taken in 2014, showed how single parent households have increased by 80% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). Statistically, â€Å" numbers show that millions of women and children live on the edge of a fiscal cliff: more than one in seven women live in poverty and over half of all poor children are in families headed by women† ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2012) ). With female headed household living in poverty or deep poverty the increase is high for families to meet basic needs. We look for this to increase as more females who have worked quit their jobs and go back into the welfare system as a means of surviving the cliff effect (Harris, 1996). This paper attempts to answer the questions of whether single mothers who have worked regressed back into the welfareShow MoreRelatedThe Reforms Of Public Benefits For Needy Families1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S. and specifically single mothers, which took place in August of 1996, was an important step since its inception with FDR in 1935. Many requirements were imposed onto public benefits eligibility, such as work and income requirement and establishing a time limit for public aid. Effects of the reform were hard to ignore as it resulted in decreasing governmental expenditure and heavy program caseloads. However, the big debate about public benefits is of which welfare discourages work and it providedRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with women that are supported by government aid, especially single mothers. The women on welfare are often treated poorly because people think they are ‘working the system’. Tax pa yers feel as if the single mothers on welfare perpetuated their own poverty by having children that they cannot support, just for a bigger welfare check. They often assume that these women do not work and just live off government handouts. I know of mothers that fit this stereotype; adults still living in their parentsRead MoreA Brief Note On Welfare And Related Expenses1254 Words   |  6 Pageslocalities intensifies in the form of welfare and related expenses. The people who are not employed are turning increasingly to the welfare rolls as their payments run out for subsistence and giving up their search for vacant jobs. As a result, essential social services such as education end up struggling with other services for even smaller measures of federal reserves. In such cases, the schools end up on the drawing end of the most drastic cuts in a budget. States that are required to either reduceRead MoreWelfare Fraud Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesafforded to individuals, I learned how and why these programs were implemented. For instance, the WIC (Women, Infant, and Children) program was established in 1968 after a group of physicians described to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and also the USDA that young women, often pregnant, came to their clinics with various ailments that were caused by lack of food. Those doctors would prescribe the needed foods, with prescription acting like a food voucher (Women, Infant and ChildrenRead MoreWelfare Is A Government Program1111 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare is a government program that provides financial aid to families or individuals who cannot provide for themselves. Welfare helps pay for poor people’s necessities such as food, housing, and medical care. Welfare is a program that is needed in the world, because some people don’t know how to be independent and take care of themselves. Social Welfare began after the Great Depression occurred. The Great Depression caused several fami lies to become unemployed during and following this timeRead MoreThe Effects Of Welfare On The United States1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthat an improved method of help should be put into effect: welfare(Magoon 23). Welfare was designed to temporarily assist the poor escape the clutches of poverty but has come at an ever increasing financial and emotional cost, because of this cost some officials want a reformation of the system while others maintain the benefits provided far outweigh the cost, so a compromise of twenty-eight hour work week to earn the privilege of receiving welfare benefits that would in turn save taxpayer money andRead MoreFlat Broke with Children: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform Essay examples1127 Words   |  5 PagesChildren: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform by Sharon Hays. In the book, the author looks at the welfare reform act enacted in 1996, known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. . She examines both the pos itive and negative effects that the Act has had on the poor as well as the effects it has had on society overall. In her research, she spent over 600 hours in welfare offices, speaking to caseworkers, social workers, and welfare recipients and potential recipientsRead MoreThe Misuse of Welfare in America1317 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Laureen Horan Eng 111 Misuse and Abuse: A Look at the Flaws of the American Welfare System The lessons of history, confirmed by evidence immediately before me, show conclusively that continued dependence on relief induces a spiritual and moral disintegration fundamentally destructive to the national fiber. To dole out relief in this way is to administer a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit. It is inimical to the dictates of sound policy. It is a violation of the traditionsRead MoreThe Potential Abolishment of Government Assistance Programs 1248 Words   |  5 PagesPrograms Government Assistant Programs such as Welfare, Food stamps, Daycare, Healthcare, Energy, Communication and Transportation should be kept because they serve as an aid to people who need them. Past and current supporters of extirpating Government Assistant Programs claim that social security is number one on the list for needing to be suppressed. There are some who say that social security is a mandatory Ponzi scheme that has a bad effect on American workers. According to Julia BorowskiRead MoreThe Welfare Reform The Right Approach1330 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is a group assignment that looks at the different viewpoints for this topic which is Was the welfare reform the right approach to poverty and my view is yes it was because something needed to be done. In addition, policy analyst â€Å"Charles Murray wrote a book called Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980, which discussed abolishing AFDC because of the issues associated with it. However, 14 years later Clinton changed the program to the Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act that was

Management and Organizations in a Global Environment - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management and Organizations in a Global Environment. Answer: Definition of Goals and Goal-Setting A goal is an observable and measurable outcome that has more than one objective to be attained within a more or less specified timeframe (Barrett 2007, p.9). Goal-setting, on the other hand, refers to the process of choosing what one wants to accomplish and formulating a plan that will ensure the achievement of the outcome desired. For effective goal-setting, an organization needs to do more than simply choosing what it wants to do; it has to work at attaining whatever goal it has set for itself. This means that it must come up with a plan so that its work gets the organization to where it wants to be. Overall, goals are grouped into two, that is, either long term or short term. Long term goals constitute plans made for an organizations or a persons future, such as lifestyle, career, retirement, and family goals (Reve2003, p.24). Short term goals refer to those that an organization or a person will attain in the near future, possibly in less than a year. These are considered to be th e stepping stone on the way to attaining long term goals. In todays harsh business environment, all business organizations must have written goals considered to be part of their business strategy. They should also aim at having goals that are particular, achievable, timely, relevant, and measurable (Lunenburg 2011, p.27). There are various benefits associated with goal setting, for instance the fact that it provides focus, improves group cohesion, and increases employee motivation. Goal setting gives workers something to aim at in their day to day tasks. Furthermore, most business goals cannot be attained unless employees collaborate together as a whole. Incorporating workers in the process of goal setting tends to increase their buy-in for the project and the organization. It informs them that their input is worthy and significant, thus giving them a sense of ownership (Ashkenas 2007, p.106). Goal setting allows workers to measure their progress and see how their efforts are impacting the attainment of the organizational goals. Employees can also evaluate just how far they have to go to reach the goals. Goal setting is quite influential given that it provides a focal point and outlines dreams. It gives an organization or individual the aptitude to polish in on the specific actions needed to be done to attain everything they desire. Todays organizations acknowledge the fact that setting goals is a vital part of choosing the business that is most appropriate. On the other hand, goals are considered to be powerful contributors to victorious business development because they force organizations and individuals to think through what they want from the business and how business growth may or may not provide that (Cherrington n.d., p.110). Definition of Plans and Types of Plans A plan is a must have for any given organization today. This is a written record of projected future course of action that is aimed at attaining certain goals or objectives within a given period of time (Zhang, Luo Grandt 2009, p.3473). Through organizational planning, a companys immediate and long term goals are identified, and strategies formulated and monitored to ensure their achievement. Planning incorporates resource allocation and staffing, and is currently considered one of the most significant duties of amanagement team. Different types of plans can be implemented by an organization, for instance, operational, tactical, contingency, and strategic. Operational Plans Operational plans are specific outcomes projected from work groups, individuals, and departments (Hill Jones 2007, p.90). These plans are not only measurable and precise, but a manager can use them to attain their job duties. It should be noted that operational plans are not a means to securing funds, but rather an effective step by step guide to running a business to triumphantly establish a service or product that will succeed in the marketplace. Notably, these plans tend to act as a blueprint for organizational processes which are a significant guide to top managers and other important stakeholders (Drucker n.d., p.94). The main aim of operational plans in any given organization is to outline, in detail, the organizations function and future development projections. A structure outlining themanagement approach is provided, covering aspects such as staffing, marketing, financial, and other resources necessary in running a victorious business. Operational plans are usually implemented at the start of a business and once this has been accomplished, an operational plan is an excellent instrument in the development andmanagement of the business. An operational plan can further be divided into two main types which are the single-use plan and standing plan (Latham Locke 2007, p.297). The former is created to perform a course of action that cannot be repeated in future. This means that it is used once to attain special goals for the organization. On the other hand, a standing plan is created for activities that take place on a regular basis over a given period of time. It assists the organization to solve issues that frequently occur. Todays organizations are realizing that the level of formality and detail of operational plan greatly varies depending on the complexity and size of the task. Perhaps the most significant part of determining this type of plan of an organization is to consider the long term future of the business (Barrett 2007, p.10). That is why organizations need to consider the estimate of the project lifecycle, exit strategies, and sustainability. Lack of knowing what is involved with the establishment of operational plans means a business not operating effectively, thus negatively affecting profitability. Businessmanagement is itself fashioned around the operational plans thus without them, the organization is bound to fail. So far, operational plans have been an excellent way of ensuring that all areas of a business are being focused upon in a positive manner. Tactical Plans Tactical plans are mostly concerned with what the lower level units within each department must do, how they must go about it, and who is responsible at each level. These are simply the means required to activate a plan and make it work. Tactical planning has become such a significant part of an organizations strategic planning to the extent that management consulting organizations are hired to help them prepare tactical plans (Lunenburg, 2011). The secret to having a well established tactical plan is having specifically outlined actions allocated to specific workers with specific deadlines. It is important for tactical plans to concentrate on a number of key organizational goals to ensure the employees understand how their activities eventually tie into these goals. Tactical plans are usually developed by those who are concerned with getting their work done on a daily basis. They formulate these plans so as to know what to do, when they need to do it and how this will be achieved (Z hang, Luo Grandt 2009, p.3486). Strategic Plans A strategic plan refers to an outline of phases formulated with the goals of the whole company in its entirety, rather than with the goals of certain departments or units (Cherrington n.d., p.112). Strategic planning starts with the companys mission, and tends to look ahead over more than two years. It moves an organization from where it presently is to where it desires to be. Intelligent and victorious management is determined by regular pursuit of flexibility, mastery, and adaptation of transforming conditions. Effective strategic plans clarify not only where the organization is heading and actions necessary to make progress, but also how it will realize its success. To make the most of a strategic plan, an organization needs to give careful thought to the strategic objectives written down, and support the goals with logical, thoroughly studied, and quantifiable benchmarks for assessing outcomes (Yankey Vogelsang-Coombs 2008, p.36). Contingency Plans Firm management requires contingency plans. These identify alternative courses of action that can be applied if and when the initial plan has proved to be inadequate due to changing circumstances. It is impossible to forecast the future or how events past a companys control will influence its ability to continue functioning. However, organizations can prepare for occurrences past their control using contingency plans. These are considered to be a blueprint for how to address unexpected occurrences. Notably, a contingency plan safeguards resources, identifies key staff, and reduces customer hassle, while allocating particular duties in the context of the recovery (Hill Jones 2007, p.92). A contingency plan is both organization-wide and department-specific (Drucker n.d., p.95). There are a number of benefits associated with contingency planning. For instance, a well documented contingency plan enables workers to move quickly into recovery mode rather than waiting for guidance. It prevents panic. Instilling this form of plan means that those responsible are coerced into assessing all probable ramifications in the event of a disaster (Latham Locke 2007, p.298). In assessing an organizations business strategy, a contingency plan should give it the mobility required to move focus to distinct aspects of the organization and change operating plans as the needs in the market are always shifting. Contingency factors which influence a managers approach to planning Businesses, particularly small ones, can be negatively affected by all forms of transformations or occurrences, from entrance of new rivals into a market, to natural disasters. As already indicated, a contingency plan is a document outlining how a business will react to emergencies if they were to take place. Additionally, contingency planning is a process where contingency plans are created. Various factors have been observed to influence a managers approach to planning for instance their goals (Reve2003, p.27). The way they choose to react to different contingencies will echo their final goal for the organization. Government regulations are also another form of contingency factor that can greatly influence planning. A shift in these regulations could most likely reduce the profitability of business operations, forcing the business to move its concentration to more profitable activities. The amount of time spent while brainstorming probable contingencies and how to address them can influence a managers approach to planning. This is because the manager might fail to plan for particular occurrences or opt the best way to react to contingencies (Bertolini, Duncan Waldeck 2015, p.98). Organizations that are not well equipped to address contingencies might be slower to react to threats and opportunities, thus hindering the planning process. Notably, a managers level or position in the organization is another contingency factor influencing a managers approach to planning. Lower level managers are mostly operational planners while the upper level ones are strategic planners. The length of future loyalties can also affect planning. Environmental contingency factors are perhaps the most commonly linked to contingency planning, and tend to affect the future of a business. It is quite evident that the business world has undergone a huge technological transformation and this has forced organizations to update their operating systems so as to maintain their competitive edge while satisfying their customers. Organizations that are yet to embrace technology have found themselves struggling to keep p with the current trend. Managers in such organizations are not able to effectively plan for contingencies and eventually fail in achieving their goals. Today, it is possible for managers to effectively plan using plans that are not only specific, but also flexible (Doran 2015, p.35). The importance of goal setting in planning and the characteristics of well defined goals What most business individuals do not realize is that running a business is more like running a marathon where goals are ones mile markers along the way. Goal setting is powerful in that it concentrates attention on attaining desirable outcomes (Cherrington n.d., p.114). Workers prefer knowing what management expects them to attain, and goals provide the needed direction. Goal setting is quite important in organizational planning in that it provides a clear direction for the company. Without target goals, leaders tend to have a difficult time communicating the meaning of a companys activities and efficiently managing the team. Organizational goals are significant in planning as they assist both workers and managers in establishing career and job objectives. Precise organizational goals ensure consistency in goals of each unit (Yankey Vogelsang-Coombs 2008, p.32). Furthermore, efficiency and production are optimized especially when each role is lined up with others toward the attainm ent of collective goals. Goal setting in planning is also significant in that it encourages competition and enables the organization to differentiate itself from its rivals. Goals generally drive activities such as Research and Development, service, and marketing, all which have a direct impact on an organizations positioning in the market. As most organizations today have realized, well defined goals have five main characteristics which makes them effective. These characteristics have an acronym, SMART, which stand for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Oriented (Hill Jones 2007, p.93). It is possible that the whole human venture is directed toward goal setting and achievement. Without these, life becomes a set of chaotic occurrences one cannot control. SMART goals setting tends to bring organization and accountability into ones objectives and goals. The characteristics of goals establish confirmable paths towards particular objectives, with precise estimations of how these goals will be attained. In the business world, SMART goal setting is considered to be one of the most efficient and yet least utilized instruments for attaining organizational goals. Organizations are yet to realize that SMART goal setting establishes transparency throughout the organization (Jones 2010, p.48). Specific goals are those which aim at a given part for development while Measurable ones calculate or suggest a marker of development. Achievable goals are goals which outcomes can logically be attained with available resources. Realistic goals tend to specify who will work on the goals in an effort to achieve them, and time-oriented goals pinpoint when the outcomes can be attained. Applying SMART goals in todays organization is significant in assisting them to plan and reach their goals. This approach to goal setting is considered valuable for self enhancement and employee motivation especially in todays harsh business environment where numerous distractions are present (Locke Latham 2013, p. 75). Without goals, an organization or business cannot clarify its end vision. It is not also advisable to have a vague goal because it will be confusing to an organization or individual. Goal setting in planning allows an organization to concentrate on the attainment of specific objectives. Another significance of SMART goals is that it tends to inspire self discipline. This is because employees will be able to work on things that will lead them to the organizational goals, with ease. Implementing the characteristics of goals will let the organization go beyond its limits, and become better and stronger (Ashkenas 2007, p.108). As already indicated, goals usually create a sense of direction that guides an organizations choices and operations. Notably, goal setting is a significant contributor to organizational values and culture. If the goals are profit-oriented, the work culture is more focused on profit generation activities. Being able to balance gains with service goals helps an organization to establish and maintain a positive reputation as a community-minded entity (Baker 2010, p.60). Goal setting in planning assists in the reduction of redundancy of work while at the same time avoids wasteful activities that do not go along with the organizations mission. From what has been observed in the recent past, focused objectives promote collaboration and communication among individuals within a company. Given that senior managers are at times expected to make rough decisions with respect to managing costs and generating outcomes, they also direct workers through group objectives and inspiration. Miles Vergens landmark study into goal setting The theory of goal setting discovered that people who set particularly hard goals tend to perform better than those who set easy ones (Barrett 2007, p.11). Goals also indicate and give guidance to employees regarding what needs to be done and exactly how much effort is needed. Some of the significant characteristics that have been identified under this particular theory include the willingness to work towards achievement of organizational goals as the source of job motivation, and certain goals leading to greater output and better organizational performance. Miles and Vergen realized that goals need to be realistic and to some extent, challenging. This is because it tends to give an individual a sense of pride and victory upon achievement of the goals, setting him/her up for achievement of the next goal (Zhang, Luo Grandt 2009, p.3500). Engagement in goal setting makes the goals more welcoming and results in more participation. From what Miles and Vergen observed, individuals tend to perform better when they are devoted to attaining certain goals, enabling organizations to profit from implementing the goal setting theory. Goals can be more specific by attaching quantity to them or defining particular projects that must be done. They also act as an energizer in that higher goals bring about greater effort and vice versa (Drucker n.d., p.98). For an organization to successfully implement goal setting in its environment, it needs to get feedback from managers and other workers as they make an effort to fulfill goal progresses. What some organizations in todays business world may not realize is that a single goal may at times become overpowering, particularly where a long term or complicated goal is concerned. That is why attaining such goals require a logical amount of time, including time to learn and put into practic e talents that will eventually meet expectations. Once in a while organizations or individuals take time to outline goals they desire to achieve, but in most instances they tend to fail in meeting the threshold because they set the goals in an unrealistic manner (Bertolini, Duncan Waldeck 2015, p.100). The main issue as identified by Miles and Vergen is that most individuals or organizations do not set targets upon which they can gauge performance on their way to goal attainment. Keeping in mind that goal setting is a high priority in todays organizations, it is also the mechanism by which a business delivers outcomes against its plans. Greater profitability, increased revenue, inspired innovation, and improved shareholder value cannot be realized without an arranged process that deconstructs strategies while spilling measurable and significant components of these strategies through the workforce (Jones 2010, p.43). Management experts have observed that knowing what is anticipated of organizations and employees at the workplace is quite critical to workers remaining engaged in their tasks. Notably, Miles and Vergen also identified a few conditions that need to be satisfied to ensure best practice in goal setting. Having a goal statement which establishes the basis for the whole goal setting process is one of the conditions that were identified. As already highlighted previously, this can be done through SMART goals approach (Latham Locke 2007, p.299). Once a well established goal statement has been formulated, it is important to create some goal steps that will provide a list of the most significant things that need to be done so as to attain the set goal. The third condition is loyalty and motivation. These two factors are considered to be what makes people or organizations strive to achievement. They give the necessary desire, resolve, and push to fulfill all the other steps involved in the g oal setting process. More and more organizations are now acknowledging the fact that commitment is what sets them on a straight path to attaining their goals, creating costly negative outcomes for failure (Reve2003, p.30). Setting goals that will eventually motivate individuals is quite difficult and requires much effort and good judgment. Unfortunately, some people tend to confuse goal setting with wishful thinking, and this can be seen in departmental and organizational mission statements that are unclear. Moreover, such mission statements cannot inspire anyone to do anything in particular to help achieve them. Management by Objectives Management by Objectives, also referred to as MBO, is a management example aiming to improve organizational performance by plainly defining objectives that are agreed to by employees and management (Lunenburg 2011, p.22). This theory states that having a say in action plans and goal setting should guarantee better loyalty and engagement among workers, in addition to the alignment of objectives across the company. Management by Objectives was initially drawn by management expert, Peter Drucker, in 1954. A key principle of this theory is the creation of a management information system to gauge real performance and attainments against the identified objectives. Among the main advantages of MBO are that it tends to improve worker loyalty and motivation while ensuring better communication between employees and the management (Doran 2015, p.36). Drucker believed MBO was not the answer-to-all, but an instrument to be made use of. The model gives organizations a process and calls for 5 main phases to be considered and put management method into practice. Firstly, an organization needs to either determine or modify organizational goals for the whole organization. Secondly, translation of the objectives to workers needs to be made, and this is best expressed using the SMART goals concept. Thirdly, an organization needs to stimulate the engagement of workers in setting goals. By so doing, these workers are given greater motivation since they possess greater empowerment (Cherrington n.d., p.115). In the fourth step, progress is monitored. Lastly, the same progress is assessed and rewarded accordingly. Honest feedback on what worked and what did not is usually included in this last step. Management by Objectives is quite significant in todays organizations as it defines duties and roles for workers, assisting them write out their future course of action in the company. It directs them to deliver their level best and attain the set goals within the specified period of time. A number of benefits and limitations are associated with MBO, for instance, given that this model is outcome-oriented and concentrates on goal setting and scheming, it pushes managers to conduct comprehensive planning (Yankey Vogelsang-Coombs 2008, p.31). Moreover, managers are expected to create quantifiable marks and principles of performance together with precedence for these marks. The duties and power of the personnel is also clearly outlined. Another benefit of MBO is that it makes people more aware of the organizational goals. People feel proud of being incorporated into the organizational goals, thus greatly enhancing their loyalty and attitude. This model is significant in todays organizations as it highlights the regions in which workers need further training (Hill Jones 2007, p.99). As a result, career development is observed. MBO improves communication between senior management and subordinates. On the other hand, one of the limitations of Management by Objectives includes the fact that it an only be triumphant if it has the total support of the senior management. Despite the fact that MBO favors both the management and employees, it may actually be resented by the subordinates. This is because they may be under constant pressure to be in good terms with the management when setting goals which may also be idealistically high. Subordinates or the employees may believe that Management by Objectives is simply an extra of the senior administrations plan to make them toil harder and be more committed and engaged. The model does not leave any ground for prejudiced goals (Jones 2010, p.40). Furthermore, there is much formality involved and it takes most of the managers time. Another limitation is that the prominence is more on short tenure goals rather than the long term ones. This makes it hard to accurately predict the variables influencing planning process due to the frequently transforming socio-economic and hi-tech setting which affect stability of organizational goals. In addition, most managers may not be sufficiently talented in interpersonal relations, something that is necessary in todays business world. What most organizations do not realize is that group goal attainment is much more difficult. For instance, the manufacturing department cannot manufacture a set quota if it is not generously supplied with unrefined materials and the required human resources (Latham Locke 2007, p.300). Overall, considering the benefits and limitations of Management by Objectives, it is possible to improve the effectiveness of this particular model. Organizations need to secure senior management support and loyalty in order to succeed. Both the management and subordinates should see themselves as being players of the same team. The model should be on total values organization and the whole company, rather than being a divisional progression or performance evaluation method. Some companies tend to simply add new MBO to an old system, when it is supposed to be a huge undertaking. This model should be completely embraced as a form of managing which should be wholly synthesized with the organizational cul ture. References Ashkenas, R 2007, Simplicity-minded management, Harvard Business Review, pp. 101 109. Baker, R 2010, No, management is not a profession, Harvard Business Review, pp. 52 60. Barrett, D 2007, Paradigm shifts for the twenty-first century management science, Cost Management, pp. 5 11. Bertolini, M, Duncan, D Waldeck, A 2015, Knowing when to reinvent, Harvard Business Review, pp. 90 101. Cherrington, DJ N.d., Organizational behavior, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Doran, JT 2015, Theres a S.M.A.R.T. way to write managements goals and objectives, Drucker, P n.d., The practice of management, Harper Brothers, New York. Hill, CWL Jones, GR 2007 Strategic management: An integrated approach, South-Western, Independence, KY. Jones, GR 2010 Organizational theory, design, and change: text and cases, 6th Edition, Pearson, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Latham, GP Locke, EA 2007 New developments and directions of goal-setting research, European Psychologist, 12(4), pp. 290 300. Locke, EA Latham, GP, eds 2013, New developments in goal setting and task performance, Routledge Academic, New York. Lunenburg, FC 2011 Goal-setting theory of motivation, International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1). Management Review, 70(11), pp. 35 36. Reve, J 2003 Understanding motivation and emotion, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Yankey, JA Vogelsang-Coombs, V 2008 Strategic planning, Oxford University Press, New York. Zhang, Z, Luo, L Grandt, M 2009, A simulation approach for evaluation and improvement of organizational planning in collaborative product development projects, International Journal of Production Research, 47(13), pp. 3471 3501. Management by Objectives

Yalta and the Potsdam Conferences free essay sample

When the war was going on, Britain and the USA were allies of the Soviet Union, but the only thing that united them: Hatred for GER. In 1945, the Big three held two conferences i. e. Yalta and Potsdam, in Feb and Jul respectively. Tensions became obvious after them. Yalta: seemed successful, they agreed to a Protocol of proceedings. 1. RUS would UN 2. Divide GER into four zones for I-JK, FRA, USA, and RUS. 3. Bring Nazi War Criminals to trial 4. Set up a Polish democratic government or a Provisional government of National Unity. 5. Help the freed peoples of Eastern Europe setup a democratic government, by helping them to maintain law and order, carry out emergency relief measures, set up governments, and be able to hold elections. 6. Set up a commission to take care of reparations But behind the scenes, tension was growing, Churchill wrote to Roosevelt about the threat of the Soviet Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Yalta and the Potsdam Conferences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Potsdam: July 1945 At Potsdam, the allies met after GER surrendered, to decide upon a Post-War peace. But many changes had been made: America had an anti-communist President Truman, after Roosevelt died. When he ent to the conference, Truman had learn that the US had Just tested an atomic bomb, and gave the US a huge military advantage; but Truman did not tell Stalin about this, and when the Americans did use it Stalin got very upset. Woodrow Wilson had Just lost the elections to Attley. Salami Tactics During 1945-47 Stalin made sure that all the countries in Eastern Europe that communist governments would come to power i. e. the countries which RUS had captured in WWII. Directly copied from www. ]ohndclare. net The Hungarian Communist Rakosi described this process as slicing salami gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit. In this way, Russia gained control of: Albania (1945) the Communists took power after the war without opposition Bulgaria (1945) a left-wing coalition gained power in 1945; the Communists then executed the leaders of all the other parties. Poland (1947) a coalition government took power in 1945, but Stalin arrested all the non-communist leaders in 1945, and the Communists forced the other non- Communists into exile. Romania (1945-1947) a left-wing coalition was elected in 1945; the Communists gradually took over control. Hungary (1947) Hungary was invaded by the Russians, and in 1945 the allies agreed that Russian troops should stay there. Stalin allowed elections, in which the non- communists won a big majority. However, some communists were elected, led by a pro-Russian called Rakosi. Rakosi now started demanding that groups which opposed him should be banned. If not, he hinted, the Russians would take over the country. Then he got control of the police, and started to arrest his opponents. He set up a sinister and brutal secret police unit, the AVO. BY 1947 Rakost had complete control over Hungary. Czechoslovakia (1945-48) a left-wing coalition was elected in 1945. In 1948, the Communists banned all other parties and killed their leaders.

Benefits of Participating in High School Debate

Benefits of Participating in High School Debate In schools across the world, debate teams are valued for training students in public speaking, grace under pressure, and critical thinking. Student debaters have several advantages, whether they choose to join debate teams on campus or if they debate as members of a political club. Debating provides practice in developing sound and logical arguments.Debate gives students an opportunity to practice speaking in front of an audience and thinking on their feet.Students participating in debate show initiative and leadership.The research debaters perform expands their minds and increases their understanding of multiple sides of important issues.Students hone their research skills in preparing for debates. What Is a Debate? Essentially, a debate is an argument with rules. Debating rules vary from one competition to another, and there are several possible debate formats. Debates can involve single-member teams or teams that include several students. In a standard debate, two teams are presented  with a resolution or topic, and each team has a set period of time to prepare an argument. Students typically dont know their debate subjects ahead of time. However, participants are encouraged to read about current events and controversial issues to prepare for debates. This can give teams special strengths in certain topic areas. The goal is to come up with a good argument in a short amount of time. At a debate, one team argues in favor (pro) and the other argues in opposition (con). In some debate formats, each team member speaks, and in others, the team selects one member to speak for the entire team. A judge or a panel of judges assigns points based on the strength of the arguments and the professionalism of the teams. One team is usually declared the winner, and that team advances to a new round. A school team can compete in local, regional, and national tournaments. A typical debate format includes: Teams are advised of the topic and take positions (pro and con).Teams discuss their topics and come up with statements expressing their position.Teams deliver their statements and offer the main points.Teams discuss the oppositions argument and come up with rebuttals.Teams deliver their rebuttals.Teams make their closing statements. Each of these sessions is timed. For instance, teams may have only three minutes to come up with their rebuttal. Interested students without a team at their school can look into starting a debate team or club. Many colleges also offer summer programs that teach debating skills. Lessons Learned Through Debate Knowing how to synthesize information and deliver it to an audience succinctly- even an audience of one- is a skill that benefits people throughout their lives. Debate skills can come in handy when interviewing for jobs, networking for career advancement, conducting meetings, and giving presentations. These soft skills can help in most careers because debate students learn the art of persuasion. Outside of the working world, having good communication skills is useful in activities as ordinary as meeting new people or as special as making a wedding toast in front of a crowd, as debate helps people learn composure and confidence when speaking with others.

Students Dating College Professors

Students Dating College Professors While relationships between students and professors arent unheard of, they can be a source for all kinds of problems. A professor is in a position of authority over a student, whether or not he or she is that students teacher or supervisor, which makes any dating arrangement tricky at best. Ultimately, if the two are consenting adults (theres no scenario where its OK for a high school teacher to date a current student), theres not much anyone can do to prevent them from pursuing a romantic relationship. But expect there to be consequences. Is It OK for College Students and Professors to Date? First things first: A student must be 18 years old to legally be able to consent to a relationship with an adult. Beyond that, some schools have specific rules about what to do if a student and a professor want to pursue a romantic relationship. If thats the case at your institution, know that the answer to your dating question lies in the faculty and/or student handbook. Breaking those rules could jeopardize the professors job and the students status. What to Do If Your School Has No Policy If youre at an institution where there arent official rules about dating, there are most likely some guidelines or unofficial community expectations. Is it frowned upon? Is it OK to date a professor, so long as youre not in one of his or her classes? Be aware that even if youre not breaking any rules, your relationship, and how its perceived could cause problems. Even if the professor isnt the students teacher when the relationship starts, problems could arise if the student ends up in the professors class later on. As a member of the faculty, the professor holds power over the student. Many schools discourage professor/student dating for these reasons. Additionally, other students may perceive a student dating a professor as having an unfair advantage. If youre dating a professor whose classes you take, students may think youre getting special treatment or grades you havent earned, no matter if you actually are. Say your professor/partner tutors you in a subject youre struggling with or helps you figure out which classes to take and get you the classes you need. From your perspective, youre just enjoying the benefits of a nice relationship. But its unfair to other students, who dont have the same access. A student dating a professor should be prepared for tension with peers, as they may envy the inside access to the faculty world. What If It Doesnt Work Out? Dating a professor can have tricky long-term consequences. If you break up, you may still have to see each other regularly around campus or, worse, in class. All those questions about fairness the relationship initially raised will remain, only the student may now be at a disadvantage, with his or her ex having power over grades and reputation with other faculty members. The student could potentially damage the professors reputation as well if he or she shares details of the relationship. Ultimately, you both need to consider the rules and have a discussion about the potential risks of a relationship. Be sure that its worth it because the costs could be severe.

Zoology. Mitosis and biglight phases of embryological development Essay

Zoology. Mitosis and biglight phases of embryological development - Essay Example Mitosis is divided into these following phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prophase is when the chromatin liquefies into a structure known as a chromosome, which allows the chromatin to become visible. Prometaphase is what happens when the nuclear envelope breaks itself into smaller fragments and then disappears entirely. Metaphase takes place when the chromosomes are situated in the center of the cell prior to splitting into the two daughter cell sets. Anaphase is when the chromosomes separate within the eukaryotic cell. The last phase, telophase, is when the stages and effects of prophase and prometaphase are reversed within the eukaryotic cell. Meiosis takes place when the chromosomes are split into halves, and is an essential part of sexual reproduction. Meiosis has many more complex stages then mitosis, as seen in the following: meiosis 1, prophase 1 (which consists of these further stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, and synchronous processes), metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, and meiosis II. In meiosis 1, the homologous chromosomes are separated into two haploid cells. During prophase 1, the pairs of homologous chromosomes recombine with other pairs. The following are the phases of prophase 1: leptotene - each separate chromosome condenses into long threads inside of the nucleus; zygotene - the thread-like chromosomes line up with each other;

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

American Politics - Essay Example Finally, bureaucracy refers to the characteristics which exist in the organization like inflexibility or red tape. During the 1930s Max Weber illustrated bureaucracy as the ideal method of managing government departments and agencies. Max Weber outlined five major principles which guide bureaucracy in an effective and efficient manner. The principles are; formal hierarchical structure, management by rules, specialization, purposely impersonal and competency based employment (Ehrenreich, 1999). Max Weber favors an official hierarchical structure. Each level of the organization controls the sublevels below it. Likewise, the organizational level is controlled by the level above it. This formal hierarchy is responsible for the centralized decision making in organizations. Management through rules ensures that organizational decisions made at the top levels are implemented consistently at lower organizational levels. Max Weber also illustrates specialization and division of labor as one of the principles. Staffs are divided into units, according to the competencies they possess, or the type of work. Purposely impersonal principle ensures that all organizational stakeholders are treated equally. For example, provision of goods or service of the same quality and quantity to all the customers, for equal value. The bureaucracy also ensures that people are employed according to the skills they possess (Woods, 1998). These five principles ensure effective and efficient service delivery in the bureaucracy. The official hierarchical structure ensures smooth decision making process in the organization. The top management is responsible for making strategic decisions, which is then communicated downwards for implementation. Management by rules ensures that all staffs work according to the planning objectives. Specialization increases the quality of service offered because, employees offer services only in the areas they have enough competencies in.

The film Educating Rita Essay Example for Free

The film Educating Rita Essay Educating Rita tells a story of two people from the opposite ends of life. An uneducated working class woman finally realises the value of education and class and with the assistance of her alcoholic upper class tutor Frank Bryant, she embarks on a journey to gain the knowledge that she deeply yearns for. There are many advantages that a film has over a production of a play. It would be inconvenient and problematic to have lots of settings and changes therefore we immediately know that the film Educating Rita has more advantages over the play. It has close up shots of the characters and different settings. The burning books scene is a great example of this. In this scene Denny (Ritas husband) find a pack of Contraceptive pills which Rita has been taking. Outraged he throws all of Ritas books into a flame. We see Rita and the books through many different angles. One of the shots includes us looking at the burning books from Ritas point. This makes us feel empathy. We also see Rita from where the books are burning. At this point we feel sympathy for her as we see the expression on her face how miserable she is about her books. In the play we would not see Denny burning Ritas books and Rita helplessly just standing there from this amount of angles. We are only able to see the play from one angle which is from out seats. Another advantage that the film has over the play is the added scenes. Added scenes one the most common ways a film can use other methods in order to put across its message. A good example of this method is the scene when Denny finds the contraceptive pills. We do not see this in the play. We see Denny entering the living rooms and tossing the packet on the table. In the film we sense trouble instantly when we witness Denny looking under the floor boards as we earlier saw Rita hiding the pills in the same spot. Throughout the entire film, there are a number of shots that describe the lifestyles of both characters. Ritas journey takes us through her neighbourhood. Through several long shots we instantly understand that the area is almost a dump. The streets are littered heavily, there are abandoned caravans on the sides, two large tanks on the far end of the street which is extremely hazardous and a siren blares in the distance indicates danger. This scene concludes that lower class people who can only afford up to this degree live in an environment like this. On the other hand, Franks environment is the opposite. As Frank walks home we see large amount of space including trees spread out finely, autumn leaves landing swiftly on the ground, parked cars and bird chirping in the distance.

Human Genome :: essays research papers

Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international 13 year effort that began in October of 1990. The main objective of the project is to map the entire human DNA sequence. The project was planned to last 15 years, but rapid technological advances have moved the completion date to 2003. A rough draft of the human genome was completed in June 2000. Efforts are still underway to complete the finished high quality sequence. Many laboratories around the United States receive funding from either the Department of Energy (DOE) or the National Institutes of Health, or from both, for the HGP. Other researchers at colleges, universities, and laboratories throughout the United States also receive funding for the project. At any given time, the DOE Human Genome Project funds about 200 separate investigators. At least 18 countries have established human genome research programs. Some of the larger programs are in Australia, France, Sweden, China and the United Kingdom. Some developing countries are participating through studies of molecular biology techniques for genome research and studies of organisms that are particularly interesting to their geographic regions. The Human Genome Project Organization helps to coordinate international efforts in the genome project. There are many benefits and goals of the Human Genome Project. Rapid progress in genome science and a glimpse into its potential applications have helped observers to predict that biology will be the most important science of the 21 century. Aside from its medical and scientific benefits, the development of genomics research presents U.S. industry with many opportunities. The Consulting Resources Corporation Newsletter (Spring 1999) said that the sale of DNA based products and technologies in the biotechnology industry are rejected to exceed $45 billion by 2009. One of the goals of the project is improved knowledge in the area of molecular medicine. Increasingly detailed maps have aided res earchers seeking genes associated with dozens of genetic conditions, including inherited colon cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and familial breast cancer. Also, molecular medicine will benefit with the improved diagnosis of disease, rational drug design, gene therapy and pharmaceutical â€Å"custom drugs†. Another area that will benefit is that of Microbial Genetics. Despite our reliance on the inhabitants of the microbial world, we know little of their number or their nature.: estimates are that less than 0.01% of all microbes have been identified. Also, expected benefits include developments of diverse new products, processes, and test methods that will open the door to a cleaner environment.

Sex Education Taught to 8 Year Olds

Eight-year-old children are being targeted for more detailed sex education in schools. In Christchurch today, Family Planning is launching a new resource for teachers of late-primary and intermediate-age children. The launch has upset the conservative lobby group Family First, which is urging Family Planning to â€Å"butt out† and leave sex education to parents. The resource, called The Sexuality Road, is aimed at younger children because research shows that they are now entering puberty earlier. Young people have a right to understand what is happening to their bodies and their emotions,† Family Planning director of health promotion Frances Bird said. â€Å"Sexuality education that works starts early, before young people reach puberty, and before they have developed established patterns of behavior. † The Sexuality Road provides teachers with a programme of 10 lessons and evaluations per year. Each year comes with lesson plans, activity worksheets, and resources. Year 5 and 6 (nine and 10-year-old) pupils look at pubertal change, friendships, gender, families, menstruation, fertility, conception and personal support. Year 7 and 8 pupils focus more on changing feelings and emotions and their effects on relationships, sexual attraction, decision-making around sexual attraction, conception and birth, contraception and support agencies. Bird said international evidence showed children were entering puberty earlier than had been seen in decades. The average age of puberty for girls in New Zealand had fallen to between nine and 14 and for boys, it was between 11 and 16, Bird said. â€Å"Some people are concerned that providing information about sex and sexuality arouses curiosity and can lead to sexual experimentation. There is no evidence that this happens,† she said. New Zealand teenagers rate second-highest in the developed world for teen pregnancies. The Press last month revealed research showing more than a third of 16-year-olds have already had sex and half say they have been in love. An Education Review Office report, commissioned by the ministries of Women's Affairs, Health and Education, found at least half of all sex education in schools was presented by teachers with no qualifications in the subject. Liggins Institute director, and newly appointed chief science adviser, Professor Peter Gluckman has earlier called for action to address the â€Å"emerging national crisis,† in sex education for younger children. â€Å"Sex and health education has to become mainstream and away from the idea that it's only for the physed teacher who is least equipped to deal with it,† Gluckman said. Family First national director Bob McCoskrie said children should be taught sex education by their parents when they were ready. â€Å"The simple message to Family Planning is `butt out and leave it to parents',† McCoskrie said. Parents know their kids the best. They know their emotional and moral development best and have their own values. Family Planning should not be interacting with kids of that age. † McCoskrie said schools had become â€Å"one-stop shops† for dealing with social problems in the community. Some parents felt overawed by â€Å"the sex talk† with their children, so resources should be put in to helping them better understand what was required, McCoskrie said. â€Å"It needs to be values-based and we think parents are the ones who determine the values. Bird said children should be exposed to a range of values, attitudes and opinions. According to a survey run on the Netmums parenting website, the majority of parents believe children should start learning about sex and relationships when they are eight years old. I can hear them already. The shocked and outraged tones of the other â€Å"moral† majority reacting to yet another progressive plot to corrupt children. â€Å"We'll have no sex education here! † Or if we must, let them wait until they're actually doing it. That is sad, because such views are themselves transformative, turning sex from a natural and evolving topic to a dangerous threshold, making childhood sexualisation more, not less, likely. Talking about sex starts much earlier transforms the likelihoods that children will be better informed. Children use sexual terms long before they reach the age of eight (year 3). Listening recently to year 1 conversations, I overheard boys talking about â€Å"having sex† (they mean â€Å"cuddling†). They insult each other using terms such as â€Å"gay†. Discussion of sex runs through the playground discourse like Blackpool through a stick of rock: it's just very badly formed. Talking about sex needs to start earlier so that children will not be confused at a leter time when it is learned thru their peer group. A straw poll of local school kids suggests little useful sex education is received before the age of 13. That's two years after the average age at which girls begin their periods – five years after some. If you're not told about such stuff at home, how terrifying to be eight and suddenly bleeding. A range of studies report puberty starting earlier in western societies – and while the reality of sexual experimentation may not be as graphic or extreme as the tabloids would have us believe, that, too, can begin long before 13. Sexual orientation and identity, too, can be obvious at a very early age (from six onward): once more, how scary to grow in an atmosphere that makes â€Å"queers† always the butt of jokes with no balancing official information. Sex doesn't have to be sexual in nature. Many of the dirtiest, smuttiest most adult things about sex are just that: adult. There is a depressing read-across from adult values to child: many people assume that a child doing something â€Å"sexy† understands their behavior and intends the result. Children learn through play. Girls dress, use makeup and dance in ways that would be erotic if their mums did them – but absolutely aren't when they do. Children can be educated about sex without focusing on the erotic. It's never too young to learn respect for the beliefs of sexually actions. The most misleading thing about this debate is that opponents caricature sex education as being about just one thing. In fact, broad and structured sex education will provide grounding in relationships, biology, safety, health, respect for others and consent. These will be introduced at the appropriate point using language appropriate to the age discovering them. In a world in which many adult relationships continue to be conducted through the emotions of childhood – and one in four women (and one in five men) are still suffering domestic violence – early sex ed is as much about learning the most basic of lessons – the right to say no – as anything else.

The Conviction of George Burroughs

The reading by Johnson starts out with a married lady by the name of Katherine Watkins complaining of rape by a black slave. Throughout the remainder of this section, depositions are given by other black slaves and people who claim to have witnessed the occurrence. Most of the accounts indicate that Mrs. Watkins seduced the slave into a sexual act and then blamed it on him in order to stay out of the trouble that her Quaker husband†s beliefs would have brought on her. The other section in this book is the sermon by John Winthrop entitled, A Model of Christianity. Two rules by which all men should abide, he says, are to show mercy and do justice. Among many other good deeds, he preaches love among Christians, performing service for the Lord, having unity and conformity in the community, and strict obedience to God†s word lest some punishment befall you. The handout given in class deals with the issue of homosexuality and the punishments for sodomy and buggery. The reading by Marcus was solely concentrated on the Salem Witch Trials. A former minister, George Burroughs, is accused of witchcraft and much of the section deals with people who claimed to have been bewitched by him. There are a couple of letters by Cotton Mather explaining the difficulty of the witchcraft trials and his defense of the conviction of George Burroughs. The rest of this reading is letters of confession by the accused and more letters relating to the trials. The role of Colonial women in society is given an in depth look in the segment by Graebner. In these days, the husband was seen as the supreme head of the family and women were basically domestic. Women were basically known only as the wife of their husbands and often helped them with their business affairs. Eventually, a minimal level of trade arose among women in the village, but nothing big enough to trigger a large outbreak of feminism at that time. A women†s role in society can basically be summed up in this quote, â€Å"The economic roles of married women were based upon two potentially conflicting values – gender specialization and identity of interest. A wife was expected to become expert in the management of a household and the care of children, but she was also asked to assist in the economic affairs of her husband, becoming his representative and even his surrogate if circumstances demanded it. Three concepts that were all tied together in Colonial America were sin, legality, and community. Their definitions of sin were taken before a jury for the proper punishment, and thus their sense of community was being broken down by the fact that so many people were being sentenced and punished for the sins that the legal system found them guilty of.

The Life of William Blake essays

The Life of William Blake essays Where the melodious winds have birth; The languid strings do scarcely move! The sound is forc'd, the notes are few! In those lines, it has been said, the eighteenth century dies to music. (Wilson 1) The writer of these lines was William Blake, English poet, painter and engraver who created a unique form of illustrated verse. His poetry, inspired by mystical vision, is among the most original, lyric, and prophetic in the English language. William Blake has become one of the English speaking worlds most renowned poets and artists. (Essick 9) His writings are taught frequently in schools and studied by scholars. However, in his lifetime, his works were hardly known except for a small group of patrons and connoisseurs. His symbolic pictures and visionary poems are not always easy to understand, because he invented his own mythology to express his ideas. His pictures and poems reveal a powerful artistic imagination. William Blake was born on November 28, 1757, the third of five children born to James and Catherine Blake. His father was a London hosier, living at 28 Broad Street, Golden Square. Although Mr. Blake was a non-conformist, William was christened on the eleventh of December at St. James Church, Picadilly (Wilson 4) London, where he lived for all but three years of his life, and the social class of shopkeepers in which he was raised, had great influences on the course of Blakes life. He started having visions, where he saw angels walking around, when he was only four years old. This disturbed his truth-loving parents. Because William was strange and stormy, his father decided he should be spared the discipline of school. His mother was probably the one who taught him to read and write. While Blake received very little of traditional education, he was well versed in Greek and Latin literature, the Bible, and Milton. Blake continued to grow intellec...

How to Create Your Elevator Pitch and Get Hired

How to Create Your Elevator Pitch and Get Hired Okay, hotshot. You’ve got 30 seconds to make the impression that’s going to get you the job. And†¦go! What, you stopped to think about it? Bzzzzzt. The moment is gone, and you can sense your opportunity window closing while the interviewer awkwardly shifts and looks at the clock. If only you’d had an elevator pitch ready to go.What is an Elevator Pitch?The â€Å"elevator pitch† is just a buzzword-y way of saying â€Å"snapshot of important points, stated briefly and to the point.† An elevator ride is typically short, so that’s why it makes a good namesake. In a career context, it means a quick overview your best points and your goals. But in general, it can really be about anything you’re trying to sell to the listener. For example, here are elevator pitches you could use to convince someone to watch a TV show:Game of Thrones is a fantasy-sci-fi drama that follows several different political factions jockeying for power in the kin gdom of Westeros. In addition to the political machinations, there are ice zombies threatening from the North. Oh, and there are dragons! It has something for everybody.Basically, the elevator pitch is a brief, snappy couple of sentences that tell the listener what they need to know- or, more specifically, what you want them to know. The goal isn’t to be a dry source of facts, but rather offer a few curated points that show the highlights.When Will You Need an Elevator Pitch?Although the elevator pitch is a perfect fit for our 140-characters-or-fewer society, you may not be asked to give your spiel in every job interview. However, it’s a great resource to have when you’re unexpectedly on the spot- like at a job fair, a networking event, or a social event where you just happen to be making small talk with a hiring manager at a company where you’d love to get your foot in the door. Though if you are at a social event, pick your timing wisely. Your new acqua intance may just want to talk about last night’s game or that hilarious viral video making the rounds, instead of talking shop.The elevator pitch is also an excellent answer to have on hand for the dreaded â€Å"tell me a little about yourself† question in an interview. Because you’ll already have some of your brightest talking points ready to go (more on that in a bit), you won’t have to spend precious interview time thinking about how to distill your professional self down to the essence. That question often comes at the beginning of the interview, so having your elevator pitch at the ready can help set a smooth, prepared, and confident tone for the rest of the interview.10 Tips for Your Elevator PitchIf you don’t know where to start, we have you covered- use the following 10 tips as a guide on crafting an ideal pitch that gets results.1. Keep it short.Remember, the elevator pitch is so named because it’s meant to last about as long as an elevator ride- about 30 seconds, and definitely less than 60 seconds. (We’re not talking about the Empire State Building elevator here.) That means you should have a few go-to sentences you can use. And while you’re writing, time yourself. If you find yourself creeping up on the minute mark, it’s time to revise and simplify.2. Be persuasive.That means being direct about your accomplishments and qualities, and leaving out qualifiers like â€Å"I guess,† â€Å"I think.† No time for modesty- make bold, declarative statements.3. Be concise.There are times when you will have a chance to expound on your resume, your experience, or your point of view. When asked for an elevator pitch, make sure you’re including only a few main points, and keep the sentences short and straightforward.4. Know your audience.It really depends on who you’re talking to, and what the context is. If you’re at a professional mixer with people who know your ind ustry inside and out, feel free to use a little jargon. If you’re talking to a recruiter or someone who may not know your professional world as well, keep your wording more general.5. Keep the tone professional.An elevator pitch is a confidence thing- you’re making a straightforward statement about yourself. However, it’s important not to be overconfident or too braggy. You want your accomplishments and goals to speak for themselves. You don’t want to turn off your listener just as you’re getting started. Similarly, using wit and humor is fine too- but always keep jokes fairly mild and professional.6. Mention your top skills.Your resume is where you can really break down your skill set, but in your elevator pitch, that is the time to mention that you’re a great communicator, or that you’ve got amazing organizational skills. Focus on the kinds of skills that add value to an organization, like leadership, teamwork, or attention to detai l. Here’s your chance to brag a little about your top skills, but again, be careful of using a boastful tone.7. Include (some of) your goals.This doesn’t need to be a detailed life plan, or your five-year professional plan. Remember, this is a highlight reel, so you’ll want to focus on your main professional goal, or what you’re seeking in this interview/conversation/etc. If you’re talking to an interviewer or recruiter, you don’t need to say something like â€Å"seeking a job as an accountant†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦they already know that. Instead, go with something like, â€Å"looking to take my financial skills and experience to the next level.†8. Answer big questions.When writing your elevator pitch, think about some overarching questions like:What’s the most important aspect of my background?What accomplishments do I have?What are my best skills?What do I want to get out of this pitch?What’s my biggest strength?What drives me the most?What would I like to achieve?Why did I choose my career?What do I like best about my job/career?What do I value the most?You don’t need to cram all of those Big Ideas into your elevator pitch, but you can mix and match them depending on the setting, and to whom you’re speaking.9. Be ready to follow up.If you’re giving your pitch to someone you’ve never met before and may not be talking to five minutes from now, have a business card on hand that you can pass along. If you’re in an interview, be ready to answer follow-up questions about anything you just said- examples that show your skills, or anecdotes about why you love your career.10. Practice like crazy.Do this in front of the mirror, your cat, or a trusted loved one. In the moment, you don’t want to appear stumbling or unprepared, but you also don’t want it to come off like a bored, rehearsed monologue. You want your elevator pitch to sound smooth and confident. This can help you modify things like speed (many of us talk too fast, especially when we’re trying to get through a set of lines), eye contact, and timing.Example Elevator PitchesLet’s look at some samples you can use while thinking about your own elevator pitch.I’m a graduate student in Communications, with a passion for working with special needs students. After completing my thesis in advanced language strategies for children with cognitive impairments, my goal is to work for an agency that specializes in implementing everyday educational programs that help students improve their reading and writing outcomes.After five years of working in corporate marketing and social media, I’ve decided to embrace my inner entrepreneur and start my own company. My company’s mission is providing no-nonsense, data-driven metrics that our clients can take and use right away in their day-to-day business. I want to provide big company expertise for small business owners. M y passion is â€Å"design with a conscience.† I design products that have a minimal impact on the environment, while maximizing sustainability. My background is in both design and environmental science, and I believe that we can make consumer products that combine convenience and responsibility.I’m the data guy. I look at complex metrics, and turn them into a big picture plan. And I love working as part of a team, where diverse ideas and perspectives can lead to better ways of doing things. I firmly believe that the status quo can always be improved.I’m a nurse-practitioner with more than 15 years of experience in patient care. With the challenges of working in healthcare, I know that patients often feel ignored or hustled through, so I’ve made it a priority in my career to make sure that every patient is heard, and gets the highest standards of care. I’m a recent grad, and although I don’t yet have years of experience in the field, I do hav e the organizational and people skills to take my career to the next level. I was just named the Volunteer of the Year, and I bring a high level of care and focus to everything I do.So what do you think? Are you ready to go forth and make a bold statement about who you are, in 30 seconds or less?

Media Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Impact - Essay Example The sophisticated video games of present day require players to pay constant attention to the game and actively live the characters/roles they are playing in the game, rather than passively watching a movie. This whole experience has both positive and negative repercussions on the players. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of these media on children. Since children are directly exposed to video games right from the age of childhood to adolescence and then teenage and in some cases even when they are old enough; video games nowadays are one of the strongest factors that impact on social behavior of the youth of tomorrow. Television has been a ground breaking invention for broadcast pictorial display of programmes and entertainment for the whole mankind. However, over the decades of development and progression, T.V. has been transforming into a guiding hand for the society; one that sets the trends and tells the latest fashion, that tells you how to behave with elders, peers, young ones and fellows, which dictate your overall behaviour (Slater). Examples of Negative Impact: â€Å"CSI† a famous TV serial has a huge viewership since it began airing and has been actually guiding juries in actual life to not to make decisions without inappropriate evidence (Tyler). However, a great disadvantage is also significantly impacting many parties to different cases. In article published by Arizona State University, Jeffery Heinrick states that jurors nowadays have, at an increasing rate, started demanding unnecessary forensic tests and reports which are in most cases useless and a waste of precious money that could have been utilized productively otherwise. This has led commercialization of this profession. In 1999 University of West Virginia had 9 graduate of forensic science, in year 2004, 400 graduated with a forensic degree. Richard Gallagher, who is director at the NYU Child Study Center's Parenting Institute, has stated that players who become occupied in first-person shooting video games, for example, many a times become aggressive and usually conside r their society with a hostile view. Research & Statistical Evidence In an article from Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, â€Å"The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence†, the authors state that (Anderson): â€Å"Research shows that violent video game exposure increases aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, physiological arousal, aggressive behaviors, and decreases helpful behaviors.† The researchers conducted an experiment and concluded that those violent game players were less stimulated physiologically by real life violence as compared to their non-violent counterparts. This led them to conclude that individuals who play violent video games accustom to all the violence and ultimately become physiologically insensitive to it. Conclusion Thus, after reviewing so many research papers and articles, it can be said that the modern entertainment media landscape should be no doubt used to illustrate as an effective and systematic violence desensitization tool. Works Cited 1. Anderson, Craig A. "An update

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization Assignment

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization communication between China and America - Assignment Example The American model of interpersonal communication is individual-based and tends to address the self within an organization (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). It is basically a symbolic process that brings people together, in which case, the participants use verbal and others forms of communication to persuade others for individual and professional benefit (Chia, 1995). This form of communication is premised upon and influenced by interactive traditions that can be traced from fundamental and common facial norms. All Americans tend to be at peace with a positive face, which generally convinces neighbors or associates to show respect and or recognition for an individual. Negative facial communication, for example, communicates the need for liberty for an individual (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). According to Samowar, Porter, and McDaniel (2011), the American norm of interpersonal communication as replicated in the face concept is that when an individual joins a gathering, and they modify their face to be in line with the main agenda being discussed. At this point, Americans often tend to relay information about themselves to others, through verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The recipients receive the communication and assess it by comparing the various forms of communication for consistency. As a result, the individual’s assessment of the parties in a conversation or communication controls and dictates the exchange of messages. The American society, therefore perceives interpersonal communication as a game involving two individuals whereby information from each other’s independence pays out, and which can only be sustained by how rational is an individual. Other factors include individual beliefs, and tactful maneuvers of each other’s facial expression through verbal and nonverbal means of social interaction. Such

Managing change, Qatar Telecommunications - OOREDOO case study

Managing change, Qatar Telecommunications - OOREDOO - Case Study Example From the research it can be comprehended that there are some of the changes that calls for organisations to have change management that would help them cope with ever evolving changes. As businesses continue to experience growth, the contemporary businesses world continue to become complex as new and old businesses develop new competitive strategies that triggers change in the way business is conducted. For instance, since the law of controlling monopoly was enacted, Ooredoo has been facing stiff competition from other plays in the market. Vodafone has, for example, been gaining grounds slowly as customers start to focus on a wide range of factors that are favourable to them. Low prices have been the main focus for customers since the market has been preoccupied by high calling rates. In this regard, Ooredoo has no option other than change management to cope with the new challenges for it to continue being at the top as it used to be during monopolistic time. Although many people wou ld argue that Ooredoo did not have change management in its earlier years when it used to operate on monopoly basis, it is arguable that the company employed organisational strategy to provide ever changing dynamics of business in regard to emergence of new products and services. However, the change for strategy in the recent years is what has triggered more physical changes especially on pricing that has made people think that the company just begun change management concept due to competition.

Higher Education and Vocational Degree Essay Example for Free

Higher Education and Vocational Degree Essay â€Å"What’s Wrong With Vocational School,† by Charles Murray is an Article that states Vocational schooling would be better off than a four year College degree. In Murray’s opinion, college should only be with those with a high IQ rate of 115 or higher and able to handle rigorous and challenging courses. If you are at an IQ below 110 it becomes an issue and you would be more successful in a Vocational program. This article calmly and rationally presents the notion that the population would be better served by the reintroduction of more training for careers in trade occupations becoming more prominent, therefore creating more job opportunities for people graduating with a vocational degree. Many students that graduate from a four year University do not learn what is needed to go into the working field. Murray states â€Å"For a few occupations, a college degree still certifies a qualification. This brings up the question, why do we pressure everyone to get a four year degree? In our society the college you go to means more than your actual qualification or talent you might have. Employers tend to pick a student that graduated from a university over that of a vocational school student just because of the name of the school not the talent the individual has. The degree itself also does not automatically qualify the student for the job and there are much faster and better ways such as a vocational degree for young people to provide credentials to employers. These credentials are needed in the job market for students with vocational degrees. As Murray says, â€Å"Finding a good lawyer or physician is easy but finding a good carpenter, painter, or electrician is becoming difficult. † The jobs needed such as an electrician or painters are those with vocational degrees. We often overlook some of the great jobs that don’t require a degree and are still very rewarding. A vocational degree can bring just as much income sometimes even more than a four year college degree in half the time. We have a mindset that a four year degree is much more valuable than a vocational degree. As Murray conveys this is not true he used an example of a craftsman bringing intrinsic rewards with high income. Vocational degrees are becoming more susceptible in our community. A college degree is no more important than any other high tech occupation such as an NBA player or a cabinet maker. Many of our most high income people do not have a college degree and do not care because they are living happily without it. Murray states the social cachet of a college degree still remains but will erode over time when large numbers of high income people do not have college degrees. † Many employers are looking more at the evidence you are good at something without the benefit of a college degree and will increase more overtime. If this does continue our false outlook of a college degree will diminish. As a society we look at the only way of becoming successful is going to a four university and look over vocational degree programs.

Ancient Chinese Civilization Essay -- dynasties, China, technology, Ch

A significant part of the ancient Chinese civilization was that it shared a common background that is longer than any other ethnic group on Earth. China mostly isolated and unknown to the outside world, was quietly progressing at a rate greater than or equal to other notable civilizations of the prehistoric world. China was composed of several dynasties. The dynastic cycle played a definitive role in the successions of Chinese empires. Each era’s achievements and failures influenced the next. The combined contributions from all the regimes, not only led to the success and progress of China, but defined it as well. Technological discoveries, inventions, creations and its ability to adapt all participate in its maturity. The evolution of ancient Chinese dynasties provided the cultural, economical and governmental structure that developed and shaped their country into one of the marvels of ancient times. The governmental structure of the Chinese dynasties evolved with each changing regime. Even the title of king, as was called in the beginning, changed to emperor because it was not grand enough. Each dynasty had the king or emperor as the head of its government. They had supreme power over the economy, government, military, and religious beliefs of the country. The empires used a centralized bureaucracy that had overall control over the country. They learned vast amount from this form of government, each reign modified its structure accordingly, ranging from very strict to almost a hands-off approach. It was not replaced with any other form government; it simply evolved into what was suitable for each period. As the country expanded and became too vast for one man to rule, a feudal system was created, similar to the ones in ancien... ...guage, paper, the decimal system, nautical steering rudder and the use of negative numbers in mathematics to name a few are highlights of this nation’s cultural development and contributions to the world. China has the oldest surviving civilization in the world, lasting over 4,000 years. Its uniqueness was its stability. Ancient dynasties absorbed culture, economy and governmental structure from each other. It was the foundation of their civilization. History has revealed China’s enduring heritage and perseverance to preserve its society. Chinese technological advancements not only helped its nation and people, but also, influenced the development of other countries as well. Many of the systems from thousands of years ago are still a part of Chinese culture today. Works Cited John P McKay. History of World Societies. Palgrave; 9th Revised edition 2012

Uneasy Homecoming

In the short story Uneasy Homecoming written by Will F Jenkings, Connie is the first character introduced in the story, and is the protagonist; the antagonist in the short story is Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Wilson’s son. After we are introduced to the characters we are then led into the setting, Connie was being driven home by a taxi as, â€Å"The red, dying sun cast long shadows across the road† (pg. 83), this created a picture that the sun was setting.During this cab ride home from her two week vacation, Connie feels uneasiness and dread, which help us understand the mood and atmosphere of the short story. Initiating Incident The event that begins the conflict is when Connie called Mrs. Wilson for comfort, and Mrs. Wilson ask her if her house was all right, and that it was dreadful here, there have been a series of burglaries in the town and somehow the burglary know where Mr. saddler kept his day’s receipts from his shop. Connie had a wired feeling about this and b eing alone, but she didn’t follow it because she thought it was meaningless.Rising Action Three things that are rising action is when Connie finds some cigarettes buts on the rug in Toms room and starts to panic a bit, then she finds a lump in the bed not knowing what it is she starts to walk away from it, then she look and saw it was all the burglary’s stolen stuff. Connie realized that they probably know she’s home and can see her from the bay so she turned off all the lights quickly â€Å"The window was broken. A neat jagged section of glass was missing. †(pg. 9) that’s how there were getting in, she locked all the doors and windows but not the broken one because she can’t they’ll just unlock it so she goes and hides. The climax Connie hears a noise coming from the outside garden; she knew that they knew about her knowing that they were there and had proof. They turned off the power so the house would be darker; she hears him in th e house and carefully goes out the back door, and then she lit his motorcycle on fire. â€Å"She hid herself in the shadows and watched, sobs trying to from in her throat† (pg. 91)

Analyse how the development of relationship between characters helped you to understand the characters in the written texts. Lord of the Flies Essay

Published in 1954, William Golding’s novel the ‘Lord of the Flies’ developed many relationships to shed light on the characters. Perhaps the most important of these would be between the two main characters Jack and Ralph, however relationships between other characters including Ralph and Piggy’s relationship and Jack and Rodgers relationship are equally as important and help provide evidence of the behaviours of the children. The relationship between the two main characters Ralph and Jack at the beginning of the novel is an indication for how different the boys truly are. When the boys crash and arrive onto the deserted island they attempt friendship despite their differing personalities, â€Å"Jack and Ralph smile at each other with shy liking† just as any school boy would do. After being elected as chief of the tribe, Ralph makes his first move of power in electing Jack as chief of the hunting group to ease his embarrassment of wanting to be over all chief but not receiving this role highlighting Ralphs caring side to his personality. The boy’s continue to work together as a team and acknowledge one another’s leadership differences but manage to work together still in creating the best island possibly for the tribe. As the tension between them builds arguments begin to break out as their priorities begin to drift â€Å"they look at one another, baffled by love and hate†. With Ralph being a democratic leader, he takes in the opinions of the other tribe members in order to create the best society possible. It becomes an obvious barrier between the two boys drawing them back from being able to create the perfect society as they simply cannot respect one another’s way of leading. Jacks desire towards hunting and disobeying Ralph’s rules situation is similar to the biblical reference of Jack likening to Satan and Ralph Likening to God. People choose to follow Satan because he persuades and tricks people into believing his way is the more enjoyable way as it is a lot easier to go with Satan’s way then to follow Gods way, just as the tribe begins to fall under Jacks excitement towards hunting and ignoring the need to get rescued with a fire this being Ralphs rule. However this is all expected as for a child the more exciting and enjoyable approach to life is the path an average child would choose to follow proving the actions of the tribe to be considerably normal for them to want to begin following Jacks way of life. At the end of the novel the relationship between the characters Jack and Ralph proves the boys personality differences and helps the reader understand them. Throughout the whole novel it was evident of their unspoken hate towards one another and this tension is finally broken when the remainder of the tribe turns on Ralph as their previous chief and choose to follow Jack and his way of life. â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt you can’t sing.† Jacks idea of a perfect leader is someone who had the previous roles of leadership in other scenarios, such as Jacks role of being leader of a school boys’ choir, giving Jack the impression that he is indeed perfect for the position of tribe leader. Jacks displays of power and leadership is Golding’s representation of an autocratic government where the power was taken from the tribe and not voted upon whereas Ralphs leadership and power was voted on just like a democratic government where he takes to mind the opinions of the other children. Understanding this, the reader can then begin to understand how dramatically different the characters each are and Golding uses the idea of ‘good versus evil’ in the characters Ralph and Jack by showing them opposites in their positions on social responsibility, personality, and appearance. The only thing Ralph and Jacks have in common is their utter hatred towards each other. Jacks arrogant and self-centred mind set causes him to believe that once hunted and killed, the pigs he catches make him worthy of the role of leader. However, in a tribe today any person who can bring back meat to feed the rest of the tribe is generally the best leader of the group, but due to the boys situation, it is only a bonus that the boys can have meat and the real focus should be getting rescued, this being Ralphs focus. With the tension being released within the last few chapters, Ralph is hunted due to the tribe’s sudden hatred towards him and their complete savagery takes over despite Ralphs caring nature and civilised personality. Throughout the novel Piggy and Ralphs relationship has been an eye opener to expose the boy’s nature and helps the reader to understand each character independently. When Ralph is introduced to Piggy instantly the differences between the two is shown by the way they speak: â€Å"sucks to your ass-mar!† said Ralph as he mocked Piggy’s unusual accent; from Ralph’s mockery, the reader can see that the two upbringings were very dissimilar. Piggy is in a lower socio-economic class and the two boys being forced into co-habitation together highlights the contrast between the two defined classes of society. Being a typical child Ralph chooses to name Piggy as Piggy just by looking  at his physical appearance once again showing Ralphs back round of being from a more upper-class region in England highlighting his ‘bullying the poorer child’ mind set. Understanding this, it is not expected that the boys would have a good relationship due to Ralphs immaturity but as Ralph soon realises the capability of Piggy’s knowledge and how that would help his leadership skills they soon become friends amongst the chaos. Piggy’s knowledge represents the law and order of the adult world. Throughout the novel, Piggy attempts to condition the society the boys had made to mirror the society they all lived in in England. Piggy’s continual references to his auntie demonstrate this philosophy. He tries to pull Ralph towards the reason-oriented side of human nature. The overall characteristics of each of these two important characters proves that amongst the islands nightmare state it had spiralled into there was still a sense of hope for humanity amongst it due to the maturity of Piggy who then taught Ralph his ways making Ralph an overall stronger leader, but despite all this the rest of the tribe still fell short and turned on both Ralph and Piggy making them â€Å"outsiders†. Ralph’s character can be once again shown through his relationship with Simon where Simon’s characteristics help shape Ralph into the boy he becomes. Simon can be seen as pure goodness, and he is something of a Christ like figure. Simon is fearless as he is the only one who goes to confront ‘The Beast’. The pureness in Simon, like Jesus Christ, prevents him from submitting to the beast-like nature of mankind just as Christ did not succumb into the terrible ways of man at his time. Simon also is the only character who stays true to his personal morals and beliefs although Ralph did try to stay true to his beliefs he did fall into the temptations of the tribe by joining them in a tribal dance around a pig they had just caught. Simon gives Ralph encouragement. Whenever Ralph becomes despondent or loses hope that they will be found, Simon lifts his spirits: â€Å"I just think you’ll get back all right.† Golding portrays Simon, the first boy to be killed (followed by the death of Piggy) as a symbol of a Christ-figure, of grace and light. Ralph’s characteristics of goodness, on the other hand is in contrast to Jack’s evil. Ralph’s goodness is based on order, logic, rationality, and reason. But due to Ralphs beliefs it ends up turning on him as he believed everyone has good in them, but through the novel the reader is introduced to the idea that not all people have good in them, and this is  highlighted through the imagery of school children turning into a â€Å"pack of painted niggers†. Throughout the novel â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† William Golding uses the relationships to ultimately shed light on the characters. The relationship between Ralph and Jack lets the reader begin to understand the true vision of good versus evil which is portrayed throughout the entire novel by Jack being the evil character and Ralph as being the good. Ralphs relationship with Piggy and Simon accompanies Golding’s idea of the good characters as Piggy and Simon pay important roles in aiding Ralph to make him the character he is at the end of the novel.